While a premarket notification (510(k)) and CLIA Waiver by Application each include discrete elements not required in the other, both submissions generally include comparison and reproducibility studies. For a 510(k), such studies are often performed by trained operators (i.e., test operators who meet the qualifications to perform moderate complexity testing, sometimes referred to as “moderate complexity users”). For a CLIA Waiver by Application, such studies should be conducted by the intended user (i.e., test operators in waived settings and with limited or no training or hands-on experience in conducting laboratory testing, sometimes referred to as “untrained operators” or “waived users”).

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